Womens Athletic Organizations :: Pro Con Essays

Genius' and Con's of Women's Athletic Organizations being Incorporated by Men's Athletic Organizations At the point when the American Basketball League (ABL) fired up, I was one of the wide-looked at youthful competitors who longed for playing in it when I grew up. I had consistently had bunches of ladies good examples as competitors, however this gave me something that I could seek to do with my life. These ladies were playing b-ball as a vocation. My folks took me to games to see the New England Blizzard and the Columbus Quest play. Once we remained in a similar inn as the Columbus group, and they all came out of their rooms and conversed with me and signed a program for me. That mid year that Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) started by the National Basketball Association (NBA). I was resolutely against the WNBA from the second I heard its name. Take the men's class and stick 'ladies' before it, and you had the WNBA. The WNBA wasn't in any event, playing b-ball during the opportune time. Nobody ought to have a ball season throughout the late spring. Obviously, they cou ldn't play throughout the winter since then they would be meddling with the men's games. The NBA couldn't let ladies' games draw bolster away from the men's games. In my thirteen-year-old eyes, the ABL was an association made for ladies by previous female players. It had female mentors and it was the genuine ball group that would give ladies an equivalent possibility. The WNBA was brainstormed as a curiosity by fat white men in tailored suits who believed that with the NBA's support and cash, they could do pretty much anything. So why not let ladies play b-ball and perceive how it went over? All things considered, I can see that neither of my conclusions on the two alliances was actually right. In any case, I despite everything despise the NBA-bolstered WNBA for breaking the principal ladies' b-ball association that had a genuine possibility of enduring. I hate it more since I realize that the WNBA had a superior possibility of contending in the business universe of elite athletics since they had support from the men's class. The WNBA would get a bigger number of patrons than the ABL would, and it could stand to not make a benefit for a couple of years with the monetary help from the NBA. I can likewise observe that with my stature and absence of regular athletic capacity there was no chance I would have ever constructed it into either group.

Thegn - Anglo-Saxon Thegn or Thane

Thegn - Anglo-Saxon Thegn or Thane In Anglo-Saxon England, a thegn was a master who held his property legitimately from the ruler as a byproduct of military help in time of war. Thegns could acquire their titles and lands or acquire them. At first, the thegn positioned underneath all other Anglo-Saxon respectability; in any case, with the multiplication of thegns came a development of the class. There were rulers thegns, who held certain benefits and addressed distinctly to the lord, and substandard thegns that served different thegns or religious administrators. By a law of Ethelred II, the 12 senior thegns of some random hundred went about as a legal board of trustees that decided if a suspect ought to be authoritatively blamed for a wrongdoing. This was obviously an early forerunner to the cutting edge excellent jury. The intensity of thegns declined after the Norman Conquest ​when masters of the new system assumed responsibility for most grounds in England. The term ​thane persevered in Scotland until the 1400s concerning an inherited inhabitant of the crown who didn't serve in the military. Substitute Spellings: thane Model: King Ethylgrihn approached his thegns to help protect against a Viking attack.

Alphateca First Global Crypto Marketplace

Alphateca First Global Crypto Marketplace Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Alphateca: First Global Crypto MarketplaceUpdated On 07/10/2019Author : Mudita JhaTopic : InternetShort URL : https://hbb.me/2L6MmY5 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogCryptocurrency market has grown rapidly in the past two years and now everyone wants to become a part of it. Despite being relatively new, this financial sector is developing quite fast, and it has already managed to form a completely international community around itself.With the advancement of this sector and technology around it, the newest trend is a Global Crypto Marketplace, where anyone can buy or sell anything with cryptocurrency all around the world. And the first company to bring this blazing trend is Alphateca with its ICO platform.A Cryptocurrency using global e-commerce platformWhen two biggest trends of e-commerce and cryptocurrency were clubbed, Alphateca was created. Alphateca platform unit es these areas and gives any Internet user the opportunity to buy and sell ordinary goods and services with cryptocurrency all over the world.Alphateca is a global cryptomarket, where any user can act both as a buyer or seller, sell or purchase different services or goods using cryptocurrency as a means of payment.That means doing the majority of your work online with the help of cryptocurrency. The platform has a huge customer base, which means tens of thousands of people see your items every day somebody will definitely like it. And eventually, in some time, you are able to find a buyer, be paid on the cryptowallet, and safely buy the goods you need from hundreds of categories located on the cryptomarket.You do not have to withdraw currency from the whole cryptosystem you can pay for any product or service right from your cryptowallet.Benefits of Global Crypto-market PlaceWorldwide: The biggest feature is it’s available worldwide. And one from any part of the world can use cry ptocurrency in their everyday life using this platform.All-in-One: A great variety of goods and services are gathered at the Cryptomarket with a user-friendly interface. It contains a huge variety of deals in every niche. So, basically, you get everything under the sun at one place making it super convenient and hassle-free.Garant service: Aphateca makes sure every deal is authentic and secure. It gives buyers the security of every product.Hold service: The buyer has an option to put the payment on Hold for a while. This is a fully automatic system, which transfers the buyers cryptocurrency to a secure wallet and transfers it to the seller after some time (Hold period). The presence of Hold in the transaction prevents the buyer from cheating on the one hand and confirms his serious intentions for the seller on the other hand.Fast and cheap transactions: The transactional cost of cryptocurrency is noticeably lower than most of the banks.READTop 5 Browsers Analyzed [Browser Wars]Advan ced Support: Alphateca provides a great user support. They have a lot of FAQ’s, tutorials, guides, forum, and, most importantly, a direct user support, making it comfortable for people already having a knowledge of cryptocurrency trading and people who are completely new here.Sell Better: You can hold an auction! And if you know someone who might be interested and have a group of potential buyers you can even hold a Private Auction! So you can use all the credibility from other social media to make money on this platform!Benefits for the participants of the ICOICO participants will receive ATEC tokens that can be used on the Alphateca platform. These tokens can be spent on buying paid services on Alphateca or goods at official Alphateca online store.At this stage, Alphateca tokens are sold at the lowest price (1 ETH = 7000 ATEC), moreover, there is a special bonus of 25% during the first days of ICO. According to them, they will not change the cost of services in tokens throughout the existence of the project. That’s how they plan to support the value of the ATEC token. In the future, the cost of services of the Alphateca platform in tokens will not change and stay fixed throughout its existence.Becoming an ICO participants gets you a lot of benefits. You can get mainly three types of benefits by participating in the ICO:an ICO participant can use tokens to buy Alphateca services at minimal costs;an ICO participant can resell tokens at any moment to other users on Alphateca platform;an ICO participant can use tokens to start their own business in the framework of the platform; for example, purchase advertisement spots at a minimal price in the tokens and sell it for a higher price in cryptocurrency.So, one and all I will summarize here. Alphateca’s tokens are a guarantee of getting the service at the best price during the ICO! Thus, the supporter does not invest in the conditional security, then to hope that it will be released on the exchange and will g row in price. The token exchange is already inside their platform! The cost of services will be systematically increased on the platform for all users, while additionally increasing the cost of the token! And with this, you are getting the ease of trading hassle-free at one place using the cryptocurrency. You can check out their White Paper and Bounty Campaign. Cryptocurrency is the new future!

Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Essay - 2071 Words

History is full of the tragedies that befall indigenous peoples when their lands are invaded. Chinua Achebe’s book, Things Fall Apart, is a work of historical fiction that focuses on one man’s demise within the colonization of the indigenous Igbo people by the white Nigerian government. Through telling the story of Okonkwo, a famous wrestling champion, who is beset with his own problems and psychological baggage, but resists the colonization of his people, Achebe is able to capture a personal glimpse at the real-life, individual consequences of the invasion of the white government. This story is all too familiar for indigenous peoples who have suffered invasion and colonization by white people. Things Fall Apart is set in the 1890s in the indigenous Igbo tribe of Nigeria. The protagonist, Okonkwo of the Umuofia clan, is a famous warrior not just in his village, but in the surrounding villages, as a wrestling champion and enjoys a position of status in his village, somet hing he is proud to have earned on his own. Okonkwo’s identity is largely reactionary, caused by a deep desire to be the opposite of everything his father was: weak, effeminate, and cowardly, dying in shame with many unpaid debts. By contrast, Okonkwo is hyper-masculine, courageous, wealthy, and consumed with making dramatic shows of strength. When someone in a neighboring tribe kills an Umuofian woman, Okonkwo wins the killer’s 15-year-old son, Ikemefuna, as well as a virgin. Whereas Okonkwo feelsShow MoreRelatedChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1719 Words   |  7 PagesThings fall apart is a classic novel written around the turn of the century, the novel focuses on the protagonist who we can also call a hero, Okonkwo. Okonkwo is a wealthy and respected leader within the Igbo tribe of Umuofia in eastern Nigeria. Strong individual with a passionate belief in all the values and traditions of his people. Chinua Achebe presents Okonkwo as a particular kind of tragic pro tagonist, a great man who carries the fate of his people. Okonkwo is a man who is inflexible andRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1033 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Chinua Achebe is a famous Nigerian novelist in worldwide. Things fall apart is Chinua Achebe’s first novel published in 1958, the year after Ghana became the first African nation to gain independence. And this novel is one of the first African novels to gain worldwide recognition. (Phil Mongredien, 2010) This novel presents people a story of an African Igbo tribal hero, Okonkwo, from his growth to death. The fate of Okonkwo also indicates the fate of Africa caused by the colonizationRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart883 Words   |  4 Pagesdehumanize the native population and convince themselves that they are helping. Chinua Achebe’s book Things Fall Apart attempts to correct these misguided views of African societies by portraying a more complex culture that values peace, and the art of conversation. Achebe also tries to portray the idea that not all European people they come in contact with are aggressive, and misconstrued in their view of the African societ ies. Achebe tries to show us the value of his society through repeated views into conversationsRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1410 Words   |  6 PagesTeddy Manfre Ms. Blass ENG 209-001 April 24, 2017 Things Fall Apart In 1958, Chinua Achebe a famous Nigerian author publishes one of his most famous novels Things Fall Apart. The novel takes place in a Nigerian village called Umuofia. During the time that this novel is published Nigeria is being criticized by the Europeans for being uncivilized. In response, Achebe uses his brilliance in this novel to express the valued history of his people to his audience. His focus in the novel is on the pre-colonizedRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1015 Words   |  5 PagesIn his novel Things Fall Apart, author Chinua Achebe utilizes his distinctive writing style in order to accurately capture the culture and customs of the Igbo people despite writing his story in a foreign language. Five aspects of Achebe’s style that make his writing unique is the straightforward diction present in dialogue, the inclusion of native parables convey Igbo life authentically, the inclusion of native Igbo words and phrases, detailed descriptions of nature and the usage of figurative languageRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1702 Words   |  7 PagesTitle: Things Fall Apart Biographical information about the author: Chinua Achebe was born in Nigeria in 1930. He had an early career as a radio host, and later became the Senior Research Fellow at the University of Nigeria. After moving to America, he became an English professor at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Achebe has won numerous awards for his poetry and fiction, including the Man Booker prize and Commonwealth Poetry Price. He currently teaches at Bard College. Author: Chinua AchebeRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesCulture is an Important Element of Society Chinua Achebe is the author of when Things Fall Apart while Joseph Conrad authored Heart of Darkness. Conrad and Achebe set their individual titles in Africa; Achebe is an African writer whereas Conrad is Polish-British. The authors draw strength from their backgrounds to validity the authenticity of their fictional novels. Conrad writes from his experiences in the British and French navies while Achebe uses his African heritage. The theme of culture isRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1248 Words   |  5 PagesChris Lowndes Ms. Cook A.P.L.C. 21 October 2015 We Are Family: Hardships in One s Family in Things Fall Apart Specific attributes correlate with each other to help create or not create the ideal strong family. However, through those attributes arise conflicts and major disputes. This issue of trying to achieve and create a strong family is of immense importance in one’s life, especially in Chinua Achebe’s, Things Fall Apart, a milestone in African literature. For instance, the father leaves his legacyRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pagescertain degree of the priest class, libation, holidays, creation stories, divine systems of punishments and rewards. In the novel, Things Fall Apart, written by Chinua Achebe, is a story of tragic fall of a protagonist and the Igbo culture. Achebe demonstrates different examples and situations of where an African culture, in the instances of tribal religions, did certain things because of their tradition is and the way they developed into. African cultures pondered life mysteries and articulated theirRead Mo reChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1314 Words   |  6 PagesChinua Achebe masterpiece â€Å"Things Fall Apart† (1959) is the classic story of Okonkwo, a young man who strives to be revered by his village and family but because of his own internal character flaws meets his own demise. In the Igbo culture, family traditions are an important narrative throughout the novel. Okonkwo, the protagonist character of this story, begins with many attributes of what would be concluded as a hero with his cultural society. He is hard working, a material provider, feared and

Cold Packs and Endothermic Reactions Example

You can make your own cold pack by tossing water in the freezer (otherwise known as making ice cubes), but there are chemical reactions you can do to make things cold, too. Cause a Reaction Reactions that absorb heat from the environment are called endothermic reactions. A common example is a chemical ice pack, which usually contains water and a packet of ammonium chloride. The cold pack is activated by breaking the barrier separating the water and ammonium chloride, allowing them to mix. If you are doing a demonstration, making a cold pack, or just seeking examples of endothermic reactions and processes, there are other chemicals you can react to get a lowered temperature: Barium hydroxide octahydrate with ammonium chlorideAmmonium nitrate and waterPotassium chloride and waterSodium carbonate (washing soda) and ethanoic acidCobalt(II) sulfate heptahydrate and thionyl chloride

Socialization Into Nursing - 1131 Words

Abstract This paper is about the socialization of nursing, which includes the internalization of the attitudes and values of the role. The importance of role modeling the applied behaviors and skills through preceptor experiences to aid the new nurse is discussed. The importance of the socialization process and its impact on staff recruitment and retention is touched on. The author also shares her experience upon entry to the nursing profession and how it helped her socialization. According to Creasia and Friberg, socialization is the process of becoming- acquiring knowledge and skills and internalizing attitudes and values specific to a given social group. (Creasia Friberg, 2011) The term socialization used here refers to†¦show more content†¦The profession needs to get beyond the reputation for â€Å"eating their young† and mentor the young and mold them into the role. Personally speaking my direct preceptor experience was very beneficial. As students, our class was forewarned regarding the transition difficulties of the nursing role that we would be entering. Many in the class took that seriously and chose to commute down to Manhattan, a considerable distance, to obtain a nurse fellowship or precepted positions at medical facilities associated with teaching programs. The hospitals pursued by the author for precept programs were Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York Hospital Cornell Medical Center, Columbia Presbyterian Medi cal Center, and Mount Sinai Medical Center. This author began at a well known hospital in NYC. Those rookie nurses surrounded by knowledgeable, wise, respected, approachable preceptors transitioned healthfully and safely into the world of nursing in 1992 and remain strong advocates in healthcare today. Because of this excellent experience, there are really no nightmares for this author to share. Sharing knowledge in a mentoring capacity is necessary to aid the transition for a younger, and or less knowledgeable nurse to the critical care arena today. Despite experience as a nurse the transition toShow MoreRelatedSocialization Into The Nursing Practice1528 Words   |  7 Pages Socialization into the Nursing Practice Nursing 425 Being a new graduate with a bachelor degree in nursing is the most exciting thing everyone would need to have in life. As a new graduate, there are so many challenges as the nurse is try to familiarize themselves into the role and responsibilities of the clinical practice. These challenges include the many stressful demands of the profession which does not only involve the nursing practice andRead MoreEssay on Socialization to Nursing1966 Words   |  8 PagesSocialization into Nursing Winston – Salem State University January 21, 2013 Nursing 2312 Abstract This paper explores the process of how nurses are socialized into their profession and how my own personal socialization process has shaped my nursing career. Using Benner’s Model of socialization, I plan to explore my own personal journey from Novice to Expert reflecting the changes in my career that were supported by his five stages or levels of proficiency. Each level produced its own challengesRead MoreNursing Socialization Essay1302 Words   |  6 PagesSocialization into Nursing Kimberly Grazier Winston Salem State University Abstract In this paper you will learn about socialization of nursing and the important role that it plays in staff retention. The goal of business’s that employee nurses are to not only retain staff but to keep them happy and satisfied as well. I have included several examples of how to do this. I have also included examples of the attitudes and values of a well socialized nurse and how this affects not only the nurseRead MoreEssay Professional Socialization681 Words   |  3 Pages| Professional Socialization | LaTonya Jefferson NUR/391 Henny Breen July 5,2010 | | | | | What is Professional Socialization? Professional Socialization is defined as the process by which individuals acquire the specializedRead MoreThe Role Of Professional Socialization During The Transition Period1686 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Professional socialization occurs when individuals are exposed to different socialization agents including clients, peers, faculty, healthcare professionals and family. The process of professional socialization is aimed at allowing individuals to communicate successfully. Students get the opportunity to learn diverse experiences by interacting with the agents, and this facilitates professional development. New graduate nurses have high turnover rates due to the gap in theory and practiceRead MoreNursing Is An Ever Changing Field1238 Words   |  5 PagesThere is no doubt that nursing is an ever changing field. Although nursing always has been about caring for others, at the present time, this field is more sophisticated and respected than in the past. Currently, there are standards of nursing practice and professional performance developed by the American Nurses Association (ANA) for American nurses to follow. However, there is some controversy about whether nursing is a professi on or not. Also, in order to learn these standards as well as otherRead MoreProfessional Socialization : Professional Motivation1172 Words   |  5 PagesProfessional Socialization is defined as a process where individuals form the characteristics, attitudes and values of a particular profession (Lai PK, Pek HL). In the nursing field, professional socialization is a necessary step involving the LPN/LVN into their new RN role by assisting them with the internalization and development of their new professional identity. (Ellis Hartley. 2011) However, transitioning into this new role can be a complex and challenging multi-faced process (Boychuk DuchscherRead MoreEssay on Week 3 NR351 Discussion697 Words   |  3 Pagesprogram, you are again going through a period of socialization or transformation. As you learn more about the roles of the BSN-prepared nurse, how can you use other nurses with BSNs and higher degrees to help you in your socialization or transformation? What factors a re most important as you become socialized as a BSN student? What are your resources in this process? How can this process be most effective? According to the lesson, socialization is the interactive process of developing an identityRead MoreThe Standards Of Nursing Practice1464 Words   |  6 PagesStandards in nursing practice involve a myriad of collaborated and approved beliefs with each as important as the other. To achieve the goals that are set when providing healthcare, it requires a comprehensive mindset, a positive outlook, and participation with a team that supports and encourages quality collaboration effort with others to reach the goals. Collaboration is the standard of nursing that I have chosen to write about. Collaboration means to work together with others to effect a changeRead MoreGoals Of Professional Socialization785 Words   |  4 PagesProfessional socialization has four goals: (1) to learn the technology of the profession- the facts, skills, and theory, (2) to learn to internalize the professional culture, (3) to find a personally and professionally acceptable version of the role, and (4) to inte grate this professional role into all of the other life roles (Masters, p. 174). In the first goal, it is our duty to stay in touch with advancing technology. This advancement allows more efficient and precise diagnostics. We are learning

Cloning Essay Research Paper Automatically when people free essay sample

Cloning Essay, Research Paper Automatically when people talk about human cloning that tend to be negative. Most reaction is people shouldn # 8217 ; t play God or interfere with nature. Of class there are negative effects that could come from cloning. On the other manus there is so many positive things that could salvage more lives than it would be. Yes Cloning involves hazardous techniques that could ensue in premature babes and some deceases. That is why public policy demands to be changed on cloning. The medical possibilities are eternal if federal money is given to research and develop cloning techniques. President Clinton signed an order censoring federal money to be used on research of cloning and embryo scientific discipline. By non giving money to develop cloning techniques, this leaves cloning to be research by private citizens and private companies. If public policy was changed refering human cloning and federal money was given to set up national research centres and a committee to modulate cloning so black market of cloning would be earnestly decreased. There is a current argument over whether or non the Food and Drug admittance has any legal power over cloning research. The statement is that the F.D.A. does non hold the power to modulate medical patterns. They merely have the power to modulate legal drugs. As it stands now there is no type of ordinance on human cloning research. In 2000 Congress tried to set up anti-cloning Torahs, but got bogged down in the ethical issues in generative freedom. The FDA has no legal power to modulate cloning research, for most instances medical patterns are typically regulated at the province degrees. Cloning is legal in 47 out of the 50 provinces and 175 out of 200 states. The three provinces that it is illegal are California, Rhode Island, and Michigan. The Californian jurisprudence provinces that a individual could be fined up to $ 250,000 for cloning a kid and the concern could be fined up to a million. This jurisprudence has a five-year sundown clause, which means it automatically expires after five old ages. The Rhode Island jurisprudence is similar to the Californian jurisprudence it to has a five-year sundown clause. Michigan has a more extremist jurisprudence, for cloning of a kid, or the creative activity of a cloned embryo, research on cloning carries a punishment up to ten old ages. It doesn # 8217 ; t affair, t he jurisprudence applies to any type of research utilizing cloning techniques whether it is to bring around diseases or to infuse an sterile adult female or to assist an sterile patient. In a recent canvass behavior by Time magazine and CNN 90 per centum thought that cloning a homo was a bad thought. Most people have a bad mentality on cloning because they do non cognize the whole truth about cloning. Most people have false thoughts about cloning. The rumour that it took 277 attempts to infuse Dolly, the cloned sheep, is false. The scientist started with 277 embryos and merely 29 developed into fertilized eggs. Out of those 29 eggs, Dolly was the lone sheep that survived until birth. There were non any dead lambs born, the gestation was cared all the manner though. Before people judge cloning they need to hold an thought of what they are speaking about. There are three basic ways to clone a human, the splitting of a cell from an embryo ( duplicating ) , the Roslin technique used to make Dolly, and the Honolulu technique. The Twinning technique is done when an embryo is fertilized by a sperm cell. After it is fertilized, the cell starts spliting into an Eight-cell embryo. Then each one of those cells came be taken and implant into the womb of eight separate female parents, which in bend creates eight ringers. The 2nd manner is the Roslin technique. This how that dolly was created. You take an egg and take out the karyon. Then you discard that karyon. By making this you have remove about all of the eggs DNA and cistrons. Then you insert the karyon of the mammal you are seeking to clone into the old cell. You do this by either blending an grownup cell with an enucleated egg or by the more complicated atomic transportation. Then the reconstructed egg is stimulated electrically or chemically to flim-flam it into acting like a fertilized egg. Then it divides and becomes an embryo and eventually so transferred into the womb of a female parent. A squad of scientist at the University of Hawaii developed Honolulu technique. This technique is typically the same as the Roslin method, but it has a much higher success rate. It uses three types of cells, Sertoli cells, encephalon cells, and cumulus cells alternatively of a individual bag cell as in the Roslin method. The significance of utilizing three different types of cells is that they stay in the G0 and G1 province longer. This is the province before the cell starts to split. Because it stays in the G0 and G1 province longer it allows more clip to engraft the new karyon before the division procedure starts. This gives you more clip to blend the karyon into the new reconstructive cell. After the karyon is in the reconstructed cell it is implanted and carried to term by the female parent in the same mode as the Roslin technique. Because people are uneducated or scared of cloning and its techniques, so they are less likely to digest research on these methods. If federal money is given to help the research so these techniques can be perfected and the success rate will drastically better. By utilizing federal money the authorities can hold some control over cloning and its hereafter. Since no federal minute Ney has been given to research cloning so they have no rights to modulate or halt human cloning because of generative freedom allowed by our fundamental law. The issue of generative freedom has been a long debated moral issue in the Supreme Court. It was largely debated over abortions, but besides can be carried over into the generative rights of sterile parents. Most cloning militants use generative freedom to reason for human cloning rights. In the reading of generative freedom the authorities does non hold the right to interfere in affair so sacred as baring a kid. Do sterile parents non have the same right of holding a natural kid do healthy parents? There are many more benefits, besides those of sterile parents, which could come from cloning. Imagine you had a loved one who urgently needed a bone marrow graft. No giver could be found and the lone hope is to clone his or her ain bone marrow. Does that warrant cloning and the support of its research and development? Not merely bone marrow could be cloned, but besides other variety meats could be cloned in the hereafter if research is farther funded. The good thing about cloning your ain variety meats is that there would be no rejection drugs needed because it would be your natural organ. As it stands now we do non hold the engineering to clone variety meats, but with farther support provided through federal money this engineering could be in our close hereafter. Some scientists believe that cloning cells is the reply to many medical jobs such as malignant neoplastic disease, Alzheimer disease, and many other cell diteeriating diseases. There are so many medical countries that could be helped through this engineering it is imperative that we appropriate research clip and money. If the United States and its people want to be closed minded on cloning issues so we will be far behind in medical engineering. We will lose out on a big market in the medical field if we do non take action now. As it stands now many scientists predict that there will be a cloned human inside the following twelvemonth. Recently at a four-hour conference in Rome a international squad of scientists promised that they would bring forth a cloned homo within the following twelvemonth. They declared that nil could halt the creative activity of human being by the methods that they have discovered. They claim that the ringers would be alone single non photocopies of persons. M any people were objecting to their proposition because they said that it would take to a black and monster like creative activities and premature deceases. Severino Antinori, an Italian gynaecologist argued that fact with his fellow scientists and stated, # 8220 ; Cloning creates ordinary children. # 8221 ; He is really good known militant for human cloning. In January it was announced that ten sterile twosomes wanted to take part in the cloning undertaking. Since so many other twosomes have some Forth and said they would besides wish to take part in this experiment. Those twosomes to the full agree with the cloning of worlds, they think that it would be a miracle to be able to hold kids. American research workers have found over 600 to 700 twosomes with fertile jobs that would take portion in human cloning. They have ruled out individual adult females and twosomes who want to hold another kid to take topographic point of another kid # 8217 ; s decease. As it stands now a individual derived from human cloning is an inevitable fact of life. If the United States doesn # 8217 ; t alter it # 8217 ; s public policy on human cloning, so we will non be on the film editing border medical engineering. The National Bioethics Advisory Commission admits that the vision of cloning portrayed by polar fiction is # 8220 ; based on gross misunderstands of human biological science and psychological science. In fact most people believe that a ringer will be an exact transcript but in fact it will a wholly different individual. A human and its ringer would be physically the same but they would hold different personalities and IQs. Most people do non recognize that Identical twins are natural ringers. Peoples are afraid of new things and frequently reprobate them before the thought is truly contemplated. Peoples ever want to believe the worst. For illustration that cloning could be used to convey back Adolph Hitler. This thought was perceived from the film, # 8220 ; The Boys from Brazil. # 8221 ; These thoughts are far fetch and misunderstood. Human Cloning is inevitable. The United States can non halt cloning research and development, so they must hold some type of control over. If they ignore the job and make non cover with human cloning it merely is traveling to take to bigger jobs in the hereafter. Federal money demands to be spent on set up national research centres and a committee to cover with certain cloning issues on an single footing. Cloning does non necessitate to be banned wholly. Well the first inquiry is, # 8220 ; Where would this money come from to fund this engineering? # 8221 ; The reply is from authorities bonds. That could be paid back when cloning is farther research and cloning becomes an optional process. Then the medical undertakings that cloning could help would surely bring forth adequate money to refund the bonds and warrant the usage of federal money. President Bush needs to raise the set imposed by former President Clinton. When this is done so the following stairss can be taken to fund the research and development of cloning in the United States. Merely so came Americans genuinely profit from cloning and medical revolution that this engineering will convey.

On Dahl Essays - Democracy, Direct Democracy, Government

Introduction Democracy is a word commonly used in the justification for the United States of America interceding in international disputes for the sake of a certain country?s people. To bring democracy, it seems, is to bring freedom and virtuous enlightenment upon a country that is deemed tyrannical or opposing of the people within it. However, one must be aware of what exactly democracy is and why it a valued system over other governmental systems that have been in place for hundreds of years such as the Communist Party in China. To know what democracy is, it helps to understand it through educated individuals along with their body of work in such matters as important as the word democracy. On Democracy Robert A Dahl?s book, On Democracy, does exactly that. Indeed, Dahl discusses democracy in clear, simple terms, covering basic themes, issues, and questions of the governmental system as practiced, and not by forcing the reader to memorize and understand complex theories along with statistical variables. The theory Dahl covers is at its most basic, and is focused on democracy, not as a merely ?American? institution, nor is it limited to the United States as context. Instead, he covers the basics of what constitutes a democracy in general, which he often illustrates with group/organization examples or examples from other nations. He comes up with the following criteria for the opportunities democracy can provide: ?Effective participation, Equality in voting, Gaining enlightened understanding, Exercising final control over the agenda and Inclusion of citizens? (Dahl, 1998). Interestingly, Dahl?s style in the book often explains democracy, not in the terms of a single large national representative government but by instead using descriptions of how a small group of people or an organization might arrange itself to accommodate the equality and consensus of all of its members. Indeed, Dahl uses an extremely basic method to come to his main criteria for true democracy, namely ?political equality (Dahl, 1998).? He writes: ?To be democratic the government of a state must satisfy a standard. Let me put it this way: Full inclusion. The citizen body in a democratically governed state must include all persons subject to the laws of that state except transients and person[s] proved to be incapable of caring for them? (Dahl, 1998). Although Dahl does simplify his description of democracy, this does not prevent him from illuminating some of its practical difficulties. For example, he acknowledges the fact that, although all individuals hold an equal vote, a small group of ?elites? may control the agenda. Karl Marx in Section I of his Communist Manifesto described these elites as the bourgeoisie in writing on their part as Capitalists ?in one word, for exploitation, veiled by religious and political illusions, it (bourgeoisie) has substituted naked, shameless, direct, brutal exploitation (Marx, 1848). If this is the case, democracy is flawed, saying, if some members are given greater opportunities than others for expressing their views, their policies are more likely to prevail? (Dahl, 1998). Further, he acknowledges that this, especially due to financial factors, can result in the formation of organized groups that, in effect, appropriate a great portion of the public ?voice? and use it to further their own inte rests and agendas. It is from this idea that Dahl?s most interesting argument in relationship to the United States springs, that this control of the agenda, through a greater ?voice? cripples democracy. Further, he raises the issue of the role of non-homogenous groups of people (either a growing, or an original factor in many countries, including the United States), and the relationship of race/ethnicity/minority status to ?voice? and achieving adequate representation in that voice. Dahl also touches on the other term one might compare to the word ?democracy?, and that is Market Capitalism. Interestingly, he asserts that many of the problems associated with imperfect democracy are a direct result of this economic model. For, whereas most individuals consider democracy to require, and be bolstered by, market capitalism, aspects of its system can directly conflict with its principles. Also, this fact contributes to the very issues of ?voice? he discusses as an impediment to true representation in writing: ?Democracy and market-capitalism are locked in a persistent conflict in which each modifies and limits the other?Because market capitalism inevitable

Qesem Cave - Middle and Lower Paleolithic Site in Israel

Qesem Cave - Middle and Lower Paleolithic Site in Israel Qesem cave is a karst cave located on the lower, western slopes of the Judean Hills in Israel, 90 meters above the sea level and about 12 kilometers from the Mediterranean Sea. The caves known limits are approximately 200 square meters (~20x15 meters and ~10 meters high), although there are several partly visible passages which have yet to be excavated. Hominid occupation of the cave has been documented in a 7.5-8 meter-thick layer of sediment, divided into an Upper Sequence (~4 meters thick) and a Lower Sequence (~3.5 meters thick). Both sequences are believed to be associated with the Acheulo-Yabrudian Cultural Complex (AYCC), which in the Levant is transitional between the Acheulean period of the late Lower Paleolithic and the Mousterian of the early Middle Paleolithic. The stone tool assemblage at Qesem Cave is dominated by blades and shaped blades, called the Amudian industry, with a small percentage of Quina scraper-dominated Yabrudian industry. A few Acheulean hand axes were found sporadically throughout the sequence. Faunal material discovered in the cave exhibited a good state of preservation, and included fallow deer, auroch, horse, wild pig, tortoise, and red deer. Cutmarks on the bones suggest butchery and marrow extraction; the selection of bones within the cave suggest that the animals were field-butchered, with only specific parts returned to the cave where they were consumed. These, and the presence of blade technology, are early examples of modern human behaviors. Qesem Cave Chronology Qesem Caves stratigraphy has been dated by Uranium-Thorium (U-Th) series on speleothermsnatural cave deposits such as stalagmites and stalactites, and, at Qesem Cave, calcite flowstone and pool deposits. Dates from the speleotherms are from in situ samples, although not all of them are clearly associated with the human occupations. Speleotherm U/Th dates recorded within the top 4 meters of the cave deposits range between 320,000 and 245,000 years ago. A speleotherm crust at 470-480 cm below the surface returned a date of 300,000 years ago. Based on similar sites in the region, and these suite of dates, the excavators believe that occupation of the cave began as long ago as 420,000 years ago. Acheulo-Yabrudian Cultural Complex (AYCC) sites such as Tabun Cave, Jamal Cave and Zuttiyeh in Israel and Yabrud I and Hummal Cave in Syria also contain date ranges between 420,000-225,000 years ago, fitting with the data from Qesem. Sometime between 220,000 and 194,000 years ago, Qesem cave was abandoned. Note (Jan 2011): Ran Barkai, director of the Qesem Cave Project at Tel Aviv University, reports that a paper to be submitted for publication soon provides dates on burnt flints and animal teeth within the archaeological sediments. Faunal Assemblage Animals represented at Qesem cave include approximately 10,000 microvertebrate remains, including reptiles (there are an abundance of chameleons), birds, and micromammals such as shrews. Human Remains at Qesem Cave Human remains found within the cave are restricted to teeth, found in three different contexts, but all within the AYCC of the late Lower Paleolithic period. A total of eight teeth were found, six permanent teeth and two deciduous teeth, probably representing at least six different individuals. All of the permanent teeth are mandibular teeth, containing some traits of Neanderthal affinities and some suggesting a similarity to hominids from Skhul/Qafzeh caves. Qesems excavators are convinced that the teeth are Anatomically Modern Human. Archaeological Excavations at Qesem Cave Qesem Cave was discovered in 2000, during road construction, when the caves ceiling was almost entirely removed. Two brief salvage excavations were conducted by the Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University and the Israel Antiquities Authority; those studies identified the 7.5 meter sequence, and the presence of AYCC. Planned field seasons were conducted between 2004 and 2009, led by Tel Aviv University. Sources See Tel Aviv Universitys Qesem Cave Project for additional information. See page two for a list of resources used in this article. Sources See Tel Aviv Universitys Qesem Cave Project for additional information. This glossary entry is a part of the About.com guide to Paleolithic, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Barkai R, Gopher A, Lauritzen SE, and Frumkin A. 2003. Uranium series dates from Qesem Cave, Israel, and the end of the Lower Palaeolithic. Nature 423(6943):977-979. doi:10.1038/nature01718 Boaretto E, Barkai R, Gopher A, Berna F, Kubik PW, and Weiner S. 2009. Specialized Flint Procurement Strategies for Hand Axes, Scrapers and Blades in the Late Lower Paleolithic: A 10Be Study at Qesem Cave, Israel. Human Evolution 24(1):1-12. Frumkin A, Karkanas P, Bar-Matthews M, Barkai R, Gopher A, Shahack-Gross R, and Vaks A. 2009. Gravitational deformations and fillings of aging caves: The example of Qesem karst system, Israel. Geomorphology 106(1-2):154-164. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.09.018 Gopher A, Ayalon A, Bar-Matthews M, Barkai R, Frumkin A, Karkanas P, and Shahack-Gross R. 2010. The chronology of the late Lower Paleolithic in the Levant based on U-Th ages of speleothems from Qesem Cave, Israel. Quaternary Geochronology 5(6):644-656. doi: 10.1016/j.quageo.2010.03.003 Gopher A, Barkai R, Shimelmitz R, Khalaily M, Lemorini C, Heshkovitz I, and Stiner MC. 2005. Qesem Cave: An Amudian Site in Central Israel. Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society 35:69-92. Hershkovitz I, Smith P, Sarig R, Quam R, Rodrà ­guez L, Garcà ­a R, Arsuaga JL, Barkai R, and Gopher A. 2010. Middle Pleistocene dental remains from Qesem Cave (Israel). American Journal of Physical Anthropology 144(4):575-592. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.21446 Karkanas P, Shahack-Gross R, Ayalon A, Bar-Matthews M, Barkai R, Frumkin AG, Avi , and Stiner MC. 2007. Evidence for habitual use of fire at the end of the Lower Paleolithic: Site-formation processes at Qesem Cave, Israel. Journal of Human Evolution 53(2):197-212. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.04.002 Lemorini C, Stiner MC, Gopher A, Shimelmitz R, and Barkai R. 2006. Use-wear analysis of an Amudian laminar assemblage from the Acheuleo-Yabrudian of Qesem Cave, Israel. Journal of Archaeological Science 33(7):921-934. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2005.10.019 Maul LC, Smith KT, Barkai R, Barash A, Karkanas P, Shahack-Gross R, and Gopher A. 2011. Microfaunal remains at Middle Pleistocene Qesem Cave, Israel: Preliminary results on small vertebrates, environment and biostratigraphy. Journal of Human Evolution 60(4):464-480. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.03.015 Verri G, Barkai R, Bordeanu C, Gopher A, Hass M, Kaufman A, Kubik P, Montanari E, Paul M, Ronen A et al. 2004. Flint mining in prehistory recorded by in situ-produced cosmogenic 10Be. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101(21):7880-7884.

The value of the Individual Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The value of the Individual - Essay Example He poses a big challenge â€Å"If there are, in fact, billions of other civilizations, where does that leave our celebrities? If worth is measured on a sliding scale of notoriety, what would it mean if we were all suddenly obscure† (Yagelski  301). By considering the stars, it is possible to look at the universal picture of reality of life. There could be billions of stars and other civilizations. If we were all combined together, perhaps human race would be the least valuable. It is not fair therefore, to value ourselves by public acclaim. Instead, we should all live with one another as if we were all equal. We should treat each other with fairness, love, affection, and care knowing well that we are all equal and perhaps, as human beings, the least valuable within the parameters of the whole universe. Anthony Doerr, shares the same sentiments. According to him, the universe is so large that our planet earth would only fit in as a tiny speck of dust within the universe. There are billions of other planets perhaps with more revolutionized life than planet earth. To make it more clear, small microorganisms think they are valuable within the realms of their existence. However, we believe that we are more valuable. Similarly, there could be other forms of life that are far much revolutionized than we are. Doerr asks a series of important questions â€Å"Why are you here? Why are the stars there? Is it even remotely possible that our one, tiny, eggshell world is the only one encrusted with life† (Yagelski 313). Thinking within the limits of our own understanding only makes us feel valuable and important. It makes us treat other people as if they were less human. We attach value depending on our status within the society not realizing that what we know is so limited. However, our value is indeed too insignificant to treat others as less human. We should all find value by regarding everyone around as equally important. Human beings should open their minds and see a

Lecture Notes Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Lecture Notes - Case Study Example Heat Exchanger found within the main furnace unit. When the system is turned on, heat air drawn into the air exchanger from outside of the building through a cold air return chase, which draws cool air from the interior of the building as it’s replaced by warmed air. Evaporator Coil; supplies cooled air for the furnace blower to distribute through the ducts or airways and is made of metal tubes surrounded by thin aluminum fins, which cool the air similar to a radiator in an automobile. Condensing Unit; located outside of the building and has a compressor that condenses refrigerant gas, cooled by heat exchange with the outside air, to a fluid, then pumps the fluid through a metal line to the evaporator coil in the furnace unit. As it passes through the evaporator coil, tiny spray nozzles spray the cooling fluid into a chamber, which lowers the pressure and the fluid evaporates back into a gas. In a building, they are supplement as they provide thermal comfort during cold weather, and fresh air within the reasonable distance from where they have been installed. They also minimize air infiltration and ensure pressure in different parts of a building is in equilibrium. They also ensure room air distribution. Some of it components include a thermostat, furnace, heat exchanger, condensing unit, refrigerant lines, and evaporating coil. In a building they serve various purposes which are usually perceived to be of help than harm; a thermostat is a temperature sensitive switch, used to control the HVAC system. When temperature lowers beyond room temperature switch the system to heat the room in therefore rising to the require room temperature. It also switches off the system if the optimum is achieved to prevent further heating. In this it enables the HVAC system to regulate the temperature of the building. High temperatures n a building causes a lot of

Barriers To Effective Communication In Nursing Nursing Essay

Barriers To Effective Communication In Nursing Nursing Essay A nurse with good communication skill is someone who really listens to the patients, understands their problems and queries and answers in a way the patients will understand. Communication in nursing profession can be a complicated process, and the possibility of sending or receiving incorrect messages frequently exists. It is important to know the key components of the communication process, how to improve the nursing skills and the potential problems that exist with errors in communication. In this case, we take a nurse as an example. A nurse who can explain in a simple manner to a sick man why a particular diet is very useful to get well soon, is said to have good communication skills. Both verbal and non-verbal communication plays a very important role in communication in nursing. For most patients, the nurse becomes the primary contact in the medical world. The nurse serves as the liaison between doctor and patient. She must understand the doctors instructions and the patients concerns. Her communications skills focus on both giving and receiving information as well as creating an environment of confidence. The relationship between nurse and patient should be a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. According to Pullen and Matthias (2010), a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship is defined as a helping relationship that is based on mutual trust and respect, the nurturing of faith and hope, being sensitive to self and others, and assisting with the gratification of your patients physical, emotional, and spiritual needs through your knowledge and skill. In other words, a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship focuses mainly on the patient. Today, it is sad to say that there are many nurses who fail to grasp the importance of good communication between the nurses and the patients and therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. They neglect their duty to keep the needs of the patients as their first priority. Poor communication is dangerous as misunderstandings can lead to misdiagnosis and even medication errors. This area is also one of the main sources of complaints made to the health service ombudsman every year and some believe that a separate module for communication should be used in nursing training instead of being subsumed into the general curriculum. The barriers to good communication skills are many and include time pressures (nurses are so busy ad may not be able to get time to sit and talk with patients); lack of privacy; skills mix on the wards can mean there is a shortage of qualified nurses who are available to talk to patients; lack of training; and different languages. There are also several useful things to remember in having good communication including being prepared and know what you are going to say; having the right information to give when patients ask questions; maintain eye contact and observe the patients body language; listen properly; pick up on the non-verbal signs as well as the verbal ones; avoid the use of medical jargon; and in cases of breaking bad news, be emotionally prepared, try to find the right environment, and be sensitive, honest and compassionate. In this assignment, however, I will only discuss on factors that lead to poor communication in nursing. Research Problem 1. Problem Statement The problem statement for this research is To determine the factors that lead to poor communication skills in nursing. Poor communication skills in nurses are a major problem today and can be widely seen in most hospitals and clinics. There are many cases where the nurses speak rudely to the patient and ignore any questions asked by them. They are more concerned with their own welfare than that of the patient and many nurses hesitate and feel embarrassed to ask questions when there are things they do not understand. Their ignorance and poor communication skills can be due to several factors such as emotional stress, language barriers, overworking, fear and education or experience gaps. This problem of poor communication, if it is not dealt with at its earlier stage may lead to the destruction of the delicate relationship between the patients and the nurses. The patient will no longer trust the nurses and this may not only give a bad name to the nurses but also to the hospital. I believe that, when the root of this poor communication in nurses has been identified, we can take immediate action to correct and improve the current communication between the nurses and the patients. In this research, our scope is within the Miri General Hospital. The nurses in the hospital act as a mediator between the doctor and the patients. Nurses are the group of hospital staff that are the eligible to explain any queries of the patients and give comfort to patients. This is the main reason why good communication skill is a compulsory trait that all nurses must possess. It is from this research that I hope, we will get a better understanding of the cause of poor communication in nurses and from there, and we will be able to take necessary steps to overcome this problem. 2. Research Objectives (a) To understand the importance of good communication skills in nursing. The best relationship between a nurse and her patient is the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. Therapeutic nurse-patient relationships are based on mutual trust, nurturing, and sensitivity to the patients needs. In this research, we wished to determine why good communication is very important in the nursing field. What are the advantages of good communication in nursing and what are the drawbacks of poor communication in this field. (b) To determine if overworking is the cause of poor communication in nursing. Nurses today have more responsibilities compared to nurses of previous times. Today, nurses not only are responsible for the welfare of their patients but their paperwork load has increased. Nurses also need to ensure the cleanliness of the ward especially if the housekeeping staffs are not around. They need to be able to fix the machineries if the technicians are not available. All these additional responsibilities lead to the overworking of nurses and thus leads to them not having the time to communicate and interact well with the patients. (c) To determine if shortage of nurses is the cause of poor communication in nursing. With each passing year, there are more sick patients that require a lot of time and attention from the nurses. But due to lack of nurses, there is only very limited things a nurse can do for each patient. The nurse allocates a very short while to attend her patients, not having time to talk or listen to the patients questions or doubts. This will make the patient feel neglected and unattended to. This high nurse to patient ratio may also be a reason that contributes to the poor communication between nurses and patients and also degradation of therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. (d) To determine whether language barrier is leading to poor communication in nursing. Language plays an important role in communication. The inability to understand a language can lead to misunderstanding and miscommunication, worst still, misdiagnosis. In nursing, it is very important that the nurse should understand what the patient tries to convey to them and vice versa. If both the nurses and the patients cannot understand each other due to use of different language, it will lead to many problems and misunderstandings. Language may also be a factor that leads to poor communication in nursing. (e) To determine if fear is one of the contribution to poor communication in nursing. One common reason for poor communication is that it has to do with a  nurse  having a  lack of comfort or fear in communicating with another nurse or doctor. These type of issues usually occurs  when a nurse feels threatened by a co-worker, fears the possibility of making a mistake and doesnt say anything to avoid judgement or  lacks confidence in her abilities as a competent nurse. (f) To determine if education and experience gaps leads to poor communication in nursing. An education or experience gap can occur when a less educated/experienced nurse works with another senior nurse who  is much  more educated and/or experienced and the junior nurse has trouble understanding the concepts, procedures and/or medical terminology used by the more experienced nurse. These types of gaps can lead to confusion, misinterpretation, inaction and errors due to the inability to communicate effectively  and fully understand  what is being  communicated. (g) To determine whether emotional stress leads to poor communication in nursing. Nurses who are experiencing a lot of emotional stress or a trauma may have difficulty focusing or expressing or communicating their feelings, perceptions, beliefs  and attitude towards certain situations. This can lead to mistakes being made and/or reduce the amount of attention they are able to put towards their work, patients and co workers. 3. Hypothesis/ Research Questions I have come to believe that modern day nurse-patient relationship is undergoing serious strain due to poor communication between the nurses and the patients. There are several factors that might contribute to this problem. Firstly, the modern nurses are being overworked, causing them to lack in their communication skills. When nurses work long  shifts for  extended periods of time it can cause fatigue, which lowers their focus, effectiveness and ability to communicate effectively with patients and staff. Today, nurses must spend an inordinate amount of time completing redundant documentation in several different places, hunting for supplies, wearing multiple hats and performing other tasks. For instance, if the need for a cleanup arises and the housekeeping staffs are not present, nursing staff must address it. If the remote control is not functioning properly and the maintenance staffs are nowhere to be found, the nurse is usually the person who must try to resolve the issue. The next reason is due to shortage of nurses. Every year there are more sick patients that require much of the nurses time. This leaves them with very limited time with other patients. The nurses may be doing their job but they fail to form a relationship with the patients. We take for example,  a nurse approaching the bedside to empty a patients indwelling urinary catheter. As she approached she didnt make any eye contact and duly went about emptying the catheter, recorded the details on his fluid balance chart and walked away. At no time during the procedure did she speak. This example shows how essential communication skills are when caring for patients. Had he wanted to ask a question, the opportunity was lost. At this time, it would have been a good opportunity to take a look at the patient and perhaps ask how he was feeling. Poor non verbal communication also leads to poor nurse-patient communication. Poor communication also occurs when the nurse and patient speak different first languages. Idioms and frames of reference can carry shades of meaning in one language that may not exist in another. Mispronunciation or incorrect signing may be misleading to the nurse or patient, causing the patient to lose his trust on the nurse. This problem usually occurs among the elderly patients and also the foreign patients. Due to the difference in language, both the nurses and the patients fail to convey each message to another.   Especially in Malaysia, a country full of different races and languages, it is impossible for the nurses to be able to understand and speak all these different languages. There are also some patients, especially those who live in the interiors; they are not able to speak the national language but only their one native language. This phenomenon also leads to poor communication skills. Poor communication also tends to evolve out of the level of power within hospitals. The presence of hierarchies in hospitals tends to increase the likelihood of poor communication developing at some level or another within the vertical power structure. The main cause of this communication failure is due to fear but hierarchical organization of power in hospitals is not a bad thing-it just means that it can lead to poor communication to develop discrimination within the medical hierarchy. One of these places is between physicians and nurses. Nurses frequently hesitate from asking physicians potentially obvious or unimportant questions. As both physicians and nurses are very much involved in the care and support of patients, major communication breakdown between them could lead into serious medical difficulties for their patients. For example when a physician instructs a nurse to convey important medical information to patients but the nurse does not fully understand the information an d due to fear, she does not ask for further explanation from the doctor and gives the wrong information to the patient. Poor communication between physicians and nurses also often develop when physicians fully rely on written orders to convey instructions to nurses. They will write important details into patients medical files- including crucial instructions for nurses, for example when to administer a particular treatment. If nurses happen to miss checking patients medical files, they will also miss the important instructions that were written in them. Although this raises the crucial question of why doctors continue to use this indirect mode of communication to the extent they do, and nurses dont object to it, does not suggest that written communication should be prohibited, but that written communication is a poor substitute for direct verbal communication. One reason why written communication remains is that nurses fear questioning what they might consider to be a standard pract ice among all doctors. Here again it can be seen that the reluctance to question the practices of superiors may lead to a communication breakdown-or, more seriously, to a complete communication failure. As nurses usually feel inferior to the physician in charge, so do junior nurses feel inferior to the senior or more experienced nurses. The younger nurses hesitate to ask questions to the senior nurses in fear of being labelled as not well educated. Sometimes, the senior nurses explains a certain procedure or information to the junior nurses, but due to lack of experience, she may not fully understand it and hesitate to ask any questions after that. The senior nurses also take for granted that the junior nurses understand all that has been explained. Miscommunication as such is very dangerous as it will affect the patient. Nurses are the backbone of any healthcare unit. The pressures of overtime and long working hours create a work leads to stress, which will affect the health of the nurses. All nurses have to do shift work or attend emergencies at night and this stress of shift work can also worsen the nurses health conditions leading to depression, low morale, and low motivation. Other factors such as long commuting hours and long traffic adds to their stress affect the employees efficiency and effectiveness. All these can affect the nurses relationship at home as well as on the job. Home stress contributes significantly to the stress faced by nurses. Their home life is disturbed due to night shifts, overtime, transportation problem, and difficulty in getting leave. They constantly worry about their children and their studies not being properly supervised. Nurses have to look after the home, cooking and cleaning as they cannot afford domestic help. This can have a negative influence on their physical and emotional health and lead to psychosomatic disorders. Psychosomatic illness is a disorder that affects the body and the mind. These illnesses have emotional origins causing physical symptoms. Some examples are acidity, anaemia, backache, and stiffness in the neck and shoulders. Sometimes, in the absence of doctors, nurses are on the front line and have to face verbal abuse from patients and relatives for issues that may not be directly connected to their work. Physical violence and aggressiveness is also on the rise in patients and their relations. Demanding patients and their relatives can cause conflict and lead to more stress. Another cause of stress is economic loss to the organization due to errors, wrong decisions, wrong choice, lack of attention, and injury. All these stress factors demotivate the nurses causing them to slack in their communication skills. Conclusion Communication in nursing is specifically used to identify the nurse-patient relationship amongst other things; some of the ways include translating, getting to know you and establishing trust to ensure the patient receives the best treatment (Fosbinder, 1994). In a place where an individuals health  and well-being  is largely determined by the level of cooperation amongst  nurses  and other  medical professionals who are assisting them, there are things that are more important than  education, training and open communication. Poor communication often leads to big mistakes such as prescribing the wrong medication, improper diagnosis of a patient  ailment or medical condition, administering the wrong treatment plans and in some cases even death of a patient due to misdiagnosis due to lack of communication. We also know that nurses and physicians are trained to communicate differently. Nurses learn to communicate by being descriptive, detailed, and narrative while physicians learn to summarize, diagnose, mend, and repair. This makes nurses the best mediator between the physician and the patient as nurses are taught to explain and give information in the most understandable manner to the patient. Communication is at the heart of these goals and patients are being encouraged to be more involved in their care. This can only be achieved if patients truly understand what is available and feel empowered to make those choices. Therefore, when talking to a patient next time, take time to reflect on how you think the consultation went and how it could be improved. Determine whether you use jargon or abbreviations that the patient might not understand, and more importantly did you find out if the patient understood what had been said.

Ludlow And Dudley Castle :: Papers

Ludlow And Dudley Castle Ludlow Caste was built around 1085. Castles built around this time were mostly Motte and Bailey. This made a good defence but was not typical of castle defences. Ludlow Castle was the first stone castle, which was unusual. Because of its Royal Connections a lot of money was spent on Ludlow Castle especially on better defences. Dudley Castle on the other hand is different and is a Motte and Bailey castle. Motte and Bailey castles are typical and were common. Later on Dudley Castle was demolished and remade into a stone castle. Dudley Castle is built on a natural hill, which is a good defence whilst Ludlow Castle is not built on a hill but has a steep 100ft drop. A steep drop makes it harder for the enemy to climb up or attack. This defence is not typical because no other castle will have a 100ft drop. This is an excellent choice of location and makes an ideal defence. Dudley Castle has evidence of a Motte running around because I noticed a pond and ditch like features. Ludlow Castle only had a ditch around the inner bailey. We know this is not a Motte because it has a door room inside the ditch; this is probably where they went through to collect the dead bodies of their enemies. Both castles have barbicans and both castles also have high walls. Ludlow Castle has a river and so has a drawbridge. Dudley and Ludlow Castle both have crenellations. Ludlow Castle also has machicolations this meant that it was well defended as they could throw missiles from the flanking towers above. The most typical thing about both castles is that they both have a Keep, which was the most important part of the castle. Most of Ludlow Castles' defences are typical but it has a few which are original. For example the 100ft drop. I think Ludlow's defences are very strong and it would be hard to conquer. [IMAGE] [IMAGE] Sirrvet Bukhari 11W Ludlow And Dudley Castle Coursework

Discuss the staging of Act 1 Scene 4 and Act 5 Scene 3 Essay

Macbeth was written in 1606 for the current King James I. 1606 was in the Jacobean period, a time when people believed in the Divine Right of Kings. This is the belief that Kings were chosen by God. They also believed that the worst possible crime was to kill a King and this would result in being dammed to hell. They also believed in the â€Å"Great Chain of Being†, the importance of beings from highest to lowest. At the top was God and below him were the different positions held by Angels. Below Angels, the King was positioned above all other human beings. Because of this the King was given the title â€Å"God’s Deputy On Earth. During the Jacobean period there was also a strong belief in witchcraft; this being present in the play greatly intrigued the audience. Act 1 scene 4 and act 5 scene 3 both show examples of Kingship. The Kingship shown in these two scenes are very different. In order to understand these differences we must focus on the way in which the scenes are staged and the audience’s opinions generated by the script. Duncan is a very well respected and admired King. The people of Scotland admire and bow down to him, as they believe he is a good ruler. Duncan praises and rewards those who do well to him. He congratulates Macbeth in winning the battle against Norway and promotes him to Thane of Cawdor. Its ironic how Duncan’s two most trusted companions betray him. Macbeth had gained the title Thane of Cawdor off the previous traitor that turned against Duncan and fought for Norway. Duncan truly believes in loyalty and trust. This implies that Duncan is an extremely confident man. When he walks into a room, he knows people are watching him and this does not bother him. Macbeth rules very differently to Duncan. After killing Duncan, Macbeth begins to fear that this could easily happen to him. Macbeth does not praise those who do well, but punishes those who do bad or even nothing. If he feels they may be a threat to him he will immediately take action and eliminate them. Macbeth has no loyal friends, simply scared servants that do what they are commanded, fearing for their lives. The first scene shows Duncan as King surrounded by his loyal company, whereas the second scene shows Macbeth as King without the company of anyone except his servants which are treated with very little respect. In both of these acts the Kings are displayed in the same room of the castle. In act 1 scene 1, Duncan is informed about the death of Thane of Cawdor who is found to be a traitor and sentenced to death. The atmosphere presented is shameful but Duncan knows that the decision he made was right. In act 5 scene 3 Macbeth hears that the English army is heading for the castle. He also finds out the unstable condition of his wife. He jokes to the doctor and asks what the condition of the country is. The doctor replies very honestly saying that he would want to be as far away from Dunsinane as possible. In this scene Macbeth realizes that he will never be the King that Duncan was, he can see that the honor he receives is merely from the mouth and not from the heart. To show the different views from each scene I would present them similar to each other, as this would allow the audience to compare and make a connection between the scenes more clearly. In act 1 scene 4 I would arrange the characters in order to show their status. I would place Duncan in center stage and make sure that he is the main focus. In order to enhance this idea his position on stage must be raised above others. I would have his loyal accompanists by his side. By doing this it would create the sense that Duncan is a man of high status and respected and honored as a King. To create a connection between the two scenes I would place Macbeth in the same position as Duncan in act 5 scene 3. Duncan’s reaction to the betrayal and sentenced execution to the once loyal Thane of Cawdor should be very calm. He could also show a slight sadness by shedding a tear, this would show the audience that Duncan is shocked and upset by the acts of mistrust. Macbeth is faced with a similar situation in which could endanger his position as King, I would make him react violently and irritated. To create an obvious link between the tow scenes I would use a large throne as a distinctive prop. This throne would be grand and covered in red velvet. In act 1 scene 4 I would have Duncan using this throne in a proper manner, sitting up straight and proudly, where as I would have Macbeth slouching with one leg on an armrest. By using this prop it would display their differences in Kingship. In act 1 scene 4 Macbeth displays his loyalty towards Duncan by crying out â€Å"O worthiest cousin!† as Macbeth and Banquo approach. As he says this line I would make him have his arms wide open reaching out towards Macbeth. In line 31 Duncan says â€Å"†¦let me infold thee and hold thee to my heart.† On this line I would make Macbeth kneel down and kiss Duncans ring. Rings were worn by Kings as symbols of their positions. Kissing this ring would show Macbeth’s respect towards Duncan. In part 3 of act 5, line 11, a servant informs Macbeth about the English army’s approach towards the castle. Macbeth is worried, he shows great disrespect towards the servant by addressing to him with â€Å"thou cream-fac’d loon†. Whilst Macbeth says this line I would make him use violence towards the servant, hitting or shaking him. This would show an evil and uncaring King that is simply using his status to place himself above everyone else. Towards the end of this scene a doctor talks to Macbeth about the condition of his wife. Macbeth looks down to the doctor even though the doctor knows more about his wife than he does. Macbeth often reassures himself by referring back to the witches’ prophecies, while he does this I would have him pacing back and forth. The witches never told Macbeth what to do; they simply predicted the future and left it in the hands of Macbeth. This raises the idea that Macbeth might not have been King if he did not kill Duncan, or he could have become King at a later date from the natural death of Duncan. Dressing both of the Kings in each scene differently can compare their differences in personality. I would dress Duncan in a large pure white robe to show his clear conscience. I would also adorn him with gold jewelry to display his high status. Macbeth would be dressed very differently; I would have him in more common clothing in the colour black. This black would show the evil hidden within him. This evil side is suggested when Lady Macbeth describes Macbeth as looking like â€Å"the innocent† yet being â€Å"the serpent under†. By using different lighting I would be able to display what the Kings are feeling in each scene. In act 1 scene 4 I would use an orange light, this would create a feeling of warmth, as Duncan is kind, caring and in great company. In act 5 scene 3 I would have a blue light, this will give the scene a cold, empty and negative feel. All of these stage techniques would enable the audience to compare and contrast the two scenes of Kingship. If these were not used it would make the story harder to understand, hidden within Shakespeare’s script. In both of these scenes the Kings received high amounts of respect whether it was truly from the heart or falsely from the mouth. Macbeth was seen to be simply an â€Å"unfit† King by those who knew him closely as apposed to a â€Å"bad† King. This is because in the Jacobean period, whomever becomes King, has been elected by God, God being the top of the â€Å"Great Chain of Beings†. Back then God’s opinion meant everything, and could fix peoples opinion on a bad King.   

Non-verbal Communication Essay - 890 Words

Not a day goes by that an individual does not interact with another person, either by phone or in person. There will always be some interaction between two or more people. This interaction will bring about many thought process and emotions that will give the receiver a cue to respond with verbal and nonverbal messages. `â€Å"Every time one person interacts with another non-verbal communication takes place, it `may be intentional or unintentional, but it is part of the rapid stream of communication that passes between two interacting individual† (Gabbott Hogg, 2001). The responses will either be acceptable or unacceptable. Outcomes will vary. No one reacts in the same way as another individual. Examples would be a surprise birthday part†¦show more content†¦Merriam-Webster defines non-sequiturs as â€Å"an inference that does not follow from the basis premises (Non-sequitur, 2011).† The cause and effect of facial expressions are unrelated. Cultures will differ in nonverbal communication and actions but the facial expressions basically the same. Gestures Body gestures are physical types of nonverbal communication. Tapping of a pencil on a desk while studying, a wave from someone to gain another’s attention, or hand signals such as Sign Language or police directing traffic. Body Language and Posture How the sender present himself/herself sends nonverbal communication to a receiver. Handshakes, eye contact, facial expressions, and posture send silent messages to the other person. Posture is an indicator of approachability. The distinction in posture is rectangular and triangular. The posture or position of two people will indicate private conversations (rectangle) or an invitation to join in a conversation (triangle) (Bjorseth, 2007). Proxemics Space, proxemics, is the distance between two or more people. 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